Tecnologias não invasivas para o alívio da dor na parturição / Non-invasive technologies for pain relief in parturition / Tecnologías no invasivas para el alivio del dolor durante en el parto

Objetivo: Analisar as tecnologias não invasivas de alívio da dor no parto e nascimento. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, com 13 artigos obtidos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, SciVerse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e a biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online entre o período de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Observou o uso de mais de duas tecnologias não farmacológicas no processo de parto e nascimento, como aromaterapia isolada ou somada a mais uma tecnologia; aplicação isolada de frio e/ou calor; uso da bola suíça/bola de parto. Conclusão: A utilização de novas tecnologias no processo parturitivo resgata a autonomia da mulher frente ao seu corpo

Objective: To analyze the non-invasive technologies of pain relief in labor and birth. Method: Integrative literature review, with 13 articles from the Web of Science database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, SciVerse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and the library Scientific Electronic Library Online between 2010 and 2016. Results: Observed the use of more than two non-pharmacological technologies in the delivery and birth process, such as aromatherapy alone or added to another technology; isolated application of cold and / or heat; use of the Swiss ball / birth ball. Conclusion: The use of new technologies in the parturition process rescues the autonomy of women in front of their bodies

Objetivo: Analizar tecnologías no invasivas de alivio del dolor en el parto y el nacimiento. Método: Revisión integrativa de literatura, con 13 artículos de las bases de datos de Web of Science, de Contenido etiquetado de la literatura y la literatura en América Latina y el Caribe, en Ciencias de la Salud, SciVse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y la biblioteca Scientific Electronic Library virtual en línea entre el periodo de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Observó el uso de más de dos tecnologías no farmacológicas en el parto y el proceso de parto, como la aromaterapia sola o agregada a otra tecnología; aplicación aislada de frío y / o calor; uso de la bola suiza / bola de nacimiento. Conclusión: El uso de nuevas tecnologías en el proceso de parto rescata la autonomía de las mujeres frente a sus cuerpos

Analgesia subaracnoidea en el trabajo de parto: bupivacaína/fentanilo vs. petidina / Subarachnoid analgesia in labor: bupivacaine/fentanyl vs pethidine

Introducción: La analgesia subaracnoidea es una alternativa para el trabajo de parto por su seguridad y adecuada relación riesgo/beneficio. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la analgesia durante el trabajo de parto con la comparación de dos métodos analgésicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal y prospectivo en 92 gestantes que se atendieron en el Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado durante el período entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2017. Las pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos de 46 cada uno, al azar, por orden de llegada a la unidad quirúrgica. El grupo A, bupivacaína al 0,5 por ciento, en dosis de 2 mg y fentanilo en dosis de 25 mcg; y grupo B en el que se utilizó petidina en dosis de 25 mg, en todos los casos por vía intratecal. Las variables analizadas fueron: tensión arterial media, frecuencia cardíaca media, saturación parcial de oxígeno, tiempo de inicio de la analgesia, calidad analgésica, efectos adversos y nivel de satisfacción de las pacientes. Se empleó el análisis descriptivo y la diferencia de proporciones. Resultados: El grupo A mantuvo una TAM entre 84 y 88 mmHg, (Z= 6,0 significativa); FC media entre 80 y 88 lat/min, (Z= 1,94 no significativa); SpO2 con una media de 99,2 por ciento. En 46,74 por ciento (43 casos) el tiempo de inicio de la analgesia fue corto (Z= 8,47), siendo Buena en 100 por ciento de los casos (Z= 6,89 significativa), con recién nacido vigoroso en 100 por ciento (Z= 10,25 significativa). La evolución fue satisfactoria en 48,19 por ciento de las pacientes. Presentaron prurito 8,69 por ciento. En el grupo B hubo hipertensión arterial en 2,17 por ciento de los casos, con menos estabilidad de la FC, tiempos mayores de inicio de trabajo de parto en 12,96 por ciento y fue Buena en 40,22 por ciento. Estas pacientes mostraron menos satisfacción (41,30 por ciento). Conclusiones: La administración subaracnoidea de fentanilo/bupivacaína fue más efectiva que la petidina para la analgesia durante el trabajo de parto(AU)

Introduction: Subarachnoid analgesia is an alternative for labor due to its safety and suitable risk-benefit relationship. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of analgesia during labor with the comparison of two analgesic methods. Method: A quasiexperimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in 92 pregnant women who attended Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital during the period between January 2014 and January 2017. The patients were divided into two groups of 46 each, randomly assigned, in order of arrival to the surgical unit. Group A was treated with intrathecal administration of bupivacaine 0.5 percent, in a dose of 2 mg, and fentanyl in a dose of 25 mcg; and group B was treated with intrathecal administration of pethidine, in a dose of 25 mg. The variables analyzed were mean arterial blood pressure, mean heart rate, partial oxygen saturation, time of onset of analgesia, analgesic quality, adverse effects and level of patient satisfaction. The descriptive analysis and the difference in proportions were used. Results: Group A maintained a mean arterial blood pressure between 84 and 88 mmHg, (Z=6.0 significant); heart rate averages between 80 and 88 beats per minute, (Z=1.94 not significant); partial oxygen saturation with an average of 99.2 percent. In 46.74 percent (43 cases) the time of onset of analgesia was short (Z=8.47), being good in 100 percent of the cases (Z=6.89 significant), with vigorous newborn in 100 percent (Z=10.25 significant). The evolution was satisfactory in 48.19 percent of the patients. They presented pruritus 8.69 percent. In group B, there was arterial hypertension in 2.17 percent of the cases, with less stability of the heart rate, greater times of labor beginning in 12.96 percent and it was good in 40.22 percent. These patients showed less satisfaction (41.30 percent). Conclusions: Subarachnoid administration of fentanyl/bupivacaine was more effective than pethidine for analgesia during labor(AU)

Neuraxial labor analgesia: a literature review / Analgesia de parto no neuroeixo: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract The use of analgesia techniques for labor has become increasingly frequent, with neuraxial techniques being the most commonly used and most effective. Labor pain entails a number of physiological consequences that may be negative for the mother and fetus, and therefore must be treated. This literature review was performed through a search in the PubMed database, from July to November 2016, and included articles in English or Portuguese, published between 2011 and 2016 or anteriorly, if relevant to the topic. The techniques were divided into the following topics: induction (epidural, combined epidural-spinal, continuous spinal, and epidural with dural puncture) and maintenance of analgesia (continuous epidural infusion, patient-controlled epidural analgesia, and intermittent epidural bolus). Epidural analgesia does not alter the incidence of cesarean sections or fetal prognosis, and maternal request is a sufficient indication for its initiation. The combined technique has the advantage of a faster onset of analgesia; however, patients are subject to a higher incidence of pruritus resulting from the intrathecal administration of opioids. Patient-controlled analgesia seems to be an excellent technique, reducing the consumption of local anesthetics, the number of anesthesiologist interventions, and increasing maternal satisfaction.

Resumo O uso de técnicas de analgesia para o trabalho de parto tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente. As técnicas neuroaxiais são as mais comumente usadas e de maior eficácia. A dor do trabalho de parto traz uma série de consequências fisiológicas que podem ser negativas para a mãe e para o feto, e por isso deve ser tratada. Esta revisão de literatura foi feita na base de dados PubMed, de julho a novembro de 2016, e foram incluídos artigos em inglês ou portuguê publicados entre 2011 e 2016, ou mais antigos que fossem relevantes ao tema. As técnicas foram divididas nos tópicos: indução (peridural, raquiperidural combinada, raquianestesia contínua e peridural com punção dural) e manutenção da analgesia (infusão peridural contínua, analgesia peridural controlada pela paciente e bolus peridural intermitente). A analgesia peridural não altera a incidência de cesarianas nem o prognóstico fetal, e o desejo materno é indicação suficiente para seu início. A técnica combinada apresenta como vantagem um início mais rápido da analgesia, entretanto as pacientes estão sujeitas a maior incidência de prurido decorrente da administração intratecal de opioides. A analgesia controlada pela paciente parece ser uma excelente técnica, diminui o consumo de anestésicos locais e o número de intervenções do anestesiologista e aumenta a satisfação materna.

Pethidine in low doses versus dipyrone for pain relief in labor: a randomized controlled trial / Petidina em doses baixas versus dipirona para alívio da dor no trabalho de parto: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective To compare low doses of pethidine with dipyrone in labor analgesia. Methods In a randomized prospective study conducted by Universidade de Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, between May and December 2016, 200 full-term parturients, with very painful uterine contractions and exhibiting uterine cervix dilatation ≥ 5 cm, were selected to receive a single intravenous dose of either 0.25 mg/kg of pethidine (n = 100) or of 25 mg/kg of dipyrone (n = 100). Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test, the chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. Results There was a significant improvement in pain in 35% of the parturients. Both drugs presented a similar analgesic effect 1 hour after the intervention (p = 0.692). There was no analgesic effect during the evaluation of the second hour after the intervention with pethidine or dipyrone. There were no adverse effects, such as maternal drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, related to the drugs used. Conclusion Pethidine in low doses and dipyrone presented equivalent analgesia during labor. Public Registry of Clinical TrialsRBR-4hsyy4.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar doses baixas de petidina com dipirona na analgesia de parto. Métodos Em um estudo prospectivo randomizado realizado pela Universidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre maio e dezembro de 2016, 200 parturientes a termo, com contrações uterinas muito dolorosas e apresentando dilatação do colo uterino ≥ 5 cm, foram selecionadas para receber dose única intravenosa de 0,25 mg/kg de petidina (n = 100) ou 25 mg/kg de dipirona (n = 100). A dor foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e razão de verossimilhança. Resultados Houve melhora significativa da dor em 35% das parturientes. Ambas as drogas apresentaram efeito analgésico semelhante 1 hora após a intervenção (p = 0.692). Inexistiu efeito analgésico durante a avaliação da segunda hora após a intervenção com a petidina ou com a dipirona. Não houve efeitos adversos, como sonolência, náuseas ou vômitos maternos, relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados. Conclusão A petidina em doses baixas e a dipirona apresentaram analgesia equivalente durante o trabalho de parto. Registro público de testes clínicosRBR-4hsyy4.

Is pethidine safe during labor? Systematic review / A petidina é segura durante o trabalho de parto? Revisão sistemática

Abstract Purpose To verify if pethidine is safe for the conceptus when used during labor. Methods Systematic review in the Capes Periodicals/PubMed and MEDLINE/Virtual Health Library (BVS, in the Portuguese acronym) databases. Results A total of 17 studies published from January 1st, 2000, to September 2nd, 2016, with a total of 1,688 participants involved were included in the present review. There was no record of conceptus vitality decrease associated with low doses of pethidine being administered to mothers during labor. Conclusions Intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) pethidine at low doses, of up to 50 mg, is safe to administer during labor.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar se a petidina é segura para o concepto quando utilizada durante o trabalho de parto. Método Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados dos Periódicos Capes/PubMed e MEDLINE/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultados Um total de 17 estudos, publicados de 1° de janeiro de 2000 a 2 de setembro de 2016, totalizando 1.688 participantes envolvidos, foram incluídos nesta revisão. Não houve registro de depressão na vitalidade dos conceptos comdoses baixas de petidina administradas às mães durante o trabalho de parto. Conclusão Petidina intramuscular (IM) ou intravenosa (IV) em baixas doses, de até 50 mg, é segura durante o trabalho de parto.

Manejo de la analgesia en el parto / Management of analgesia in childbirth

Esta guía contiene definiciones y etapas del trabajo de parto, aunque no hay un patrón estándar. El trabajo puede dividirse en tres estadios, 1ro trabajo de parto dilataciòn, 2do dilataciòn cervical completa, 3ro nacimiento neonato. la analgesia epidural sus ventajas, alivio completo, menor riesgo, menos riesgo depresión en el feto, menor riesgo depresión de las fuerzas del parto. Indicaciones medicas; Pre eclampsia, afecciones cardiacas, afeciones respiratorias, enfermedades neurológicas crónicas, epilepsia. Contraindicaciones; Rechazo por la paciente, control inadecuado del feto, terapia anticougulante. espina bifida.

Bilateral subdural hematoma secondary to accidental dural puncture / Hematoma subdural bilateral secundário a punção dural acidental / Hematoma subdural bilateral secundario a punción dural accidental

We report the case of a 25-year-old woman, who received epidural analgesia for labor pain and subsequently presented post-dural puncture headache. Conservative treatment was applied and epidural blood patch was performed. In the absence of clinical improvement and due to changes in the postural component of the headache, a brain imaging test was performed showing a bilateral subdural hematoma. The post-dural puncture headache is relatively common, but the lack of response to established medical treatment as well as the change in its characteristics and the presence of neurological deficit, should raise the suspicion of a subdural hematoma, which although is rare, can be lethal if not diagnosed and treated at the right time.

Apresentamos o caso clínico de uma paciente de 25 anos na qual uma técnica peridural foi aplicada durante o trabalho de parto e posteriormente apresentou cefaleia com características de cefaleia pós-punção dural. Foi iniciado tratamento conservador e tampão de sangue peridural. Devido à ausência de melhoria clínica e à mudança do componente postural da cefaleia, decidiu-se fazer um exame de imagem cerebral que demonstrou a presença de hematoma subdural bilateral. A cefaleia pós-punção dural é relativamente frequente, mas a falta de resposta ao tratamento médico instaurado, assim como a mudança em suas características e a presença de foco neurológico, deve levantar a suspeita de presença de um hematoma subdural que, embora infrequente, pode chegar a ser devastador se não for diagnosticado e tratado oportunamente.

Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 25 años de edad, a quien se le realizó una técnica epidural durante el trabajo de parto y posteriormente presentó cefalea con características de cefalea pospunción dural. Se inició tratamiento conservador y se realizó parche hemático epidural. Ante la falta de mejoría clínica y debido al cambio en el componente postural de la cefalea, se decidió realizar una prueba de imagen cerebral que demostró la presencia de hematoma subdural bilateral. La cefalea pospunción dural es relativamente frecuente, pero la falta de respuesta al tratamiento médico instaurado, así como el cambio en sus características y la presencia de focalidad neurológica, deben hacer sospechar la presencia de un hematoma subdural que, aunque infrecuente, puede llegar a ser devastador si no se diagnostica y trata oportunamente.

Study on the effect of hyoscine-N-butylbromide suppository on pain and process of Labor

Labor is a painful process and one of the midwives duties is trying to reduce the intensity of labor pain, in which reduction of duration of clinical stages of labor has always been considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyoscine suppository on labor pain and process of labor. This double-blind clinical trial was down on 130 nulliparous pregnant women who referred to Ahvaz Sina hospital for parturition. A hyoscine suppository was given to case group and a placebo suppository was given to control group at beginning of active phase of labor, rectally. Then the labor pain mean, cervical dilatation and effacement progress, active phase and second stage duration and delivery type were recorded. The data were analyzed using T, Chi square and Fisher tests in 0.05 significant level in SPSS Version 15.0. were significant differences between mean of cervical dilatation and effacement 1 and 2 h after intervention in both groups [P<0.0001]. The active phase and second stage duration in case group were less than control group significantly [P=0.007]. Caesarean section rate in the case group was less than control group, but the difference was not significant [P=:0.07]. Labor pain intensity had not significant difference in both groups. There were no differences in fetal heart rate, maternal pulse rate and blood pressure and neonatal APGAR score between both groups. It seems that hyoscine suppository can be used to accelerate the process of labor and reduce duration of labor pain, effectively, but does not reduce labor pain

Remifentanil em analgesia para o trabalho de parto: [revisão] / Remifentanil en analgesia para el trabajo de parto: [revisión] / Remifentanil as analgesia for labor

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As técnicas neuroaxiais representam atualmente os métodos mais efetivos para controle da dor durante o trabalho de parto e a analgesia peridural utilizando soluções anestésicas ultradiluídas é considerada o padrão ouro, promovendo alívio adequado da dor com mínimos efeitos colaterais. Em algumas situações, no entanto, o emprego dessas técnicas é limitado pela existência de contraindicações maternas ou obstáculos estruturais e materiais. Nestes casos, as opções alternativas ainda são precárias e escassas, oferecendo resultados pouco otimistas e de eficácia questionável. CONTEÚDO: Este artigo apresenta, com base em uma revisão da literatura, as informações disponíveis relacionadas ao emprego do remifentanil como técnica alternativa para a analgesia de parto discutindo aspectos farmacocinéticos, farmacodinâmicos, eficácia analgésica, satisfação materna e efeitos colaterais maternos e fetais. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados iniciais apontam o remifentanil como uma opção promissora a ser empregada nas situações em que a gestante não quer ou não pode receber a analgesia neuroaxial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The neuraxial techniques currently represent the most effective methods for pain control during labor and the epidural block using ultradiluted anesthetic solutions is considered the gold standard promoting adequate pain relief with minimum side effects. In some situations however the use of these techniques is limited by the existence of maternal contraindications, or structural or material obstacles. In these cases, the alternatives are still precarious and scarce offering little optimistic results and of dubious effectiveness. CONTENT: This article presents through a literature review the available information on the use of remifentanil as an alternative technique for analgesia during labor discussing aspects of pharmacokinetics, analgesia efficacy, maternal satisfaction and maternal/fetal side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The initial data show that remifentanil is a promising option to be employed in situations where the parturient cannot or does not want to receive the neuraxial analgesia.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las técnicas neuroaxiales representan actualmente los métodos más efectivos para el control del dolor durante el trabajo de parto, y la analgesia epidural utilizando soluciones anestésicas ultradiluidas se considera el estándar oro, promoviendo el alivio correcto del dolor con los mínimos efectos colaterales. En algunas situaciones, sin embargo, el uso de esas técnicas queda limitado por la existencia de contraindicaciones maternas u obstáculos estructurales y materiales. En esos casos, las alternativas todavía son precarias y escasas, ofreciendo resultados poco optimistas y de una eficacia cuestionable. CONTENIDO: Con base en una revisión de la literatura, este artículo muestra que las informaciones disponibles relacionadas a lo empleo de lo remifetanil como técnica alternativa para la analgesia del parto discutindo los aspectos farmacocinéticos, farmacodinamicos, eficacia analgésica, satisfacion materna y efectos colaterales maternos y fetales. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos iniciales nos indican al remifentanil como una opción promisoria que podemos usar en las situaciones en que la embarazada no quiere o no puede recibir la analgesia neuroaxial.

Epidural analgesia during labor-0.5% lidocaine with fentanyl vs 0.08% ropivacaine with fentanyl

Although lidocaine is a cheap and globally available local anesthetic, yet it is not a popular drug for labor analgesia. This is claimed to its higher intensity of motor block, possibility of transient neurological symptoms [TNS] and its placental transfer with probable drawbacks on fetal well-being. However, these effects could be concentration dependent and, the evidence linking them to lidocaine is still lacking. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.5% epidural lidocaine plus fentanyl during labor. One hundred and twenty healthy full term nulliparous women in early labor with a single fetus presented by the vertex were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Parturient were assigned to receive epidural analgesia either with lidocaine 0.5% plus fentanyl 2 micro g [-1mL] [LF], or ropivacaine 0.08% plus fentanyl 2 micro g[-1] ml [RF] when their cervix was dilated to 4 centimeters. Analgesia was provided with 20 ml bolus of the study solution and maintained at 10 ml[-1]h. Upper level of sensory loss to cold, Visual Analogue Pain Score [VAPS], motor block [modified Bromage score], the duration of the first and second stages of labor, numbers of instrumental vaginal and cesarean deliveries, the neonatal apgar score, patient satisfaction and side effects, were recorded. There were no significant differences in sensory level, pain scores, duration of the first and second stages of labor, numbers of instrumental and cesarean deliveries, the neonatal apgar scores, patient satisfaction or side effect between groups. Although motor block was significantly high in lidocaine group compared to ropivacaine group [p<0.05], all parturient were moving satisfactorily in bed. Dilute epidural lidocaine [0.5%] with fentanyl effectively and safely initiates epidural analgesia clinically indistinguishable from 0.08% epidural ropivacaine with fentanyl. Although it induces significant motor block compared to ropivacaine, it still preserves maternal ability to move satisfactorily in bed. Whether further reduction in lidocaine concentration could trim down the motor block, remains to be investigated

The efficacy of lidocaine-prilocaine cream to reduce pain in genetic amniocentesis.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether local anesthesia by lidocaine-prilocaine cream decreases maternal pain during mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This randomized controlled study of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis was conducted between 1 October 2006 and 30 April 2007. Pregnant women were randomized to receive lidocaine-prilocaine cream or placebo cream 30 minutes prior to amniocentesis. Patients, blinded to allocation, recorded anticipated and actual pain before and after the procedure. The visual analog score (VAS) was evaluated, using a 0-10 scale. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty women participated in the present study. Sixty women were randomized to lidocaine-prilocaine group. The two groups were similar with respect to clinical correlations and procedure characteristics. Anticipated pain was 6.1 +/- 2.0 in the lidocaine-prilocaine group and 6.3 +/- 2.3 in the placebo group (p = 0.61). Actual pain was 2.3 +/- 2.2 in the lidocaine-prilocaine group and 2.9 +/- 2.5 in the placebo group (p = 0. 16). CONCLUSION: Lidocaine-prilocaine cream does not decrease pain during mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis.

Combined spinal-epidural analgesia and epidural analgesia in labor: effect of intrathecal fentanyl vs. epidural bupivacaine as a bolus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of intrathecal fentanyl with conventional epidural bupivacaine bolus before the same continuous epidural infusion for labor analgesia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty parturients in active labor were randomized to receive subarachnoid fentanyl 25 mcg as part of a combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSE) or bupivacaine 0.25% 10 ml incrementally into the epidural space in the epidural group. After that, 0.0625% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 mcg/ml was infused via epidural catheter in all women at a rate of 12 ml/h. Verbal numeric pain scores (VNPS), onset time to pain relief times of additional analgesia and other side effects were recorded. RESULTS: Mean (SD) onset time to the first pain free contraction was not significantly different (7.8 +/- 4.3 min in the CSE group, 10.2 +/- 5.1 min in epidural group, p = 0.085). Most of the patients in the CSE group required additional epidural bolus dose (80% compared to 48% in the Epidural group, p = 0.038). There was no difference in motor blockage at time of delivery or mode of delivery. Significantly more women in the CSE group had pruritus (68% VS none in the epidural group, p < 0.001), all had mild degree and did not require any treatment. There was no difference in other side effects. CONCLUSION: Intrathecalfentanyl as part of CSE did not produce statistically a significant faster onset compared to epidural bupivacaine bolus. Most of the patients in the CSE group required epidural bolus after intrathecal fentanyl with a higher incidence of pruritus.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of parturients regarding epidural analgesia for Labour in a University Hospital in Karachi

To assess the knowledge, sources of knowledge, attitude [fears and misconceptions] regarding Epidural Analgesia [EA] and practices of parturients delivery at Aga Khan University hospital [AKUH]. A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at the obstetric unit of AKUH, from November to December 2003. A questionnaire was filled through verbal interviews conducted on 448 parturients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Seventy six% of the females were aware of epidural analgesia as a labor pain relieving method. However, only 19% availed EA. About 40% had heard about EA from their obstetricians and 64% from friends or relatives. Twenty even% believed that EA has detrimental effects on the baby while 9% stated that EA can prolong the duration of labour. Majority of the pregnant females delivering at Aga Khan University Hospital were aware of epidural analgesia for labour. However, only a small proportion are availing this service, due to fears and misconceptions

Estudo comparativo entre concentrações de bupivacaína a 0, 125 por cento e a 0, 25 por cento associada ao fentanil para analgesia de parto por via peridural / Comparison between 0.125 percent and 0.25 percent bupivacaine associated to fentanyl for epidural labor analgesia

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A analgesia de parto tem a finalidade de diminuir ou até excluir o sofrimento materno durante o trabalho de parto, sendo considerada um método seguro e efetivo para o alívio da dor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar duas concentrações de bupivacaína (0,25 por cento e 0,125 por cento), associada ao fentanil na analgesia de parto por via peridural, quanto à eficácia antálgica e o grau de bloqueio motor, e verificar a influência das diferentes concentrações utilizadas na duração do trabalho de parto, no bem estar do recém-nascido e na satisfação materna. MÉTODO: Neste estudo prospectivo e duplamente encoberto, 51 gestantes primíparas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos para receberem uma de duas concentrações de bupivacaína para indução de analgesia de parto (0,25 por cento [n = 23] ou 0,125 por cento [n = 28]). Para a mensuração da analgesia, foi utilizado a escala numérica de dor, e para a avaliação do bloqueio motor, a escala de Bromage. Para a comparação das médias, foi utilizado o teste t de Student, e, para a comparação das proporções, o teste Qui-quadrado, com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa nas variáveis dor, grau de bloqueio motor e bem-estar fetal entre os dois grupos. O índice de cesariana foi significativamente maior no grupo com maior concentração (p < 0,05). No grupo com menor concentração, as pacientes ficaram mais satisfeitas com o procedimento (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A bupivacaína na concentração de 0,125 por cento, associada ao fentanil, mostrou maior benefício quando comparada com a concentração de 0,25 por cento. Nesta dose, verificou-se menor incidência de efeitos indesejáveis sem comprometimento da analgesia proporcionada e maior grau de satisfação materna.

Comparative study for induction of painless labor between bupivacaine 0.25%, bupivacaine-fentanyl and clonidine-fentanyl

Labor analgesia is better provided by the epidural administration of local anesthetics with adjuvants e.g Opioids and alpha agonist to reduce local anesthetic requirements and side effects [e.g] systemic toxicity and motor blockade. 60 pregnant women subjected to: Action; Group I; Group II; Group III-Onset of analgesia; 20 Min; 17 Min; 26. Min-Duration of analgesia; 57 Min; 72 Min -; 57 Min-Motor Weakness; Sever; Moderate; Mild-Hemodynamic changes; Mild; Mild; Mild. From the previous study we concluded that the addition of adjuvants to local anesthetics in epidural labor analgesia is better than local anesthetics alone as regard complication and obstetric intervention

Painless delivery--a short experience.

PURPOSE: To determine efficacy and safety a randomized comparison of continuous infusion versus intermittent injection of epidural bupivacaine for labor analgesia was performed in the Maternity Hospital, Thapathali Kathmandu. METHODS: Twenty healthy parturient received a loading dose of 10 ml of epidural 0.1% bupivacaine with 25 mg of pethidine. They were then randomized to receive continuous infusion of 0.1% bupivacaine 10 ml/hour with the help of infusion pump or intermittent injection of 0.1% bupivacaine 10 ml hourly. For breakthrough pain 10 ml of 0.1% bupivacaine top ups given in both groups. The two groups were compared for analgesic efficacy, mode of delivery, patient assessment of analgesia, motor block and other complications. Data analyzed in Pentium III version with SPSS and statistical significance test is done with independent samples t-test. RESULTS: The 10 patients in each group were comparable in age but not in parity. Analgesic efficacy was excellent in 10 cases and comfortable in another 10 cases [excellent/comfortable 6:4 with infusion and 4:6 with intermittent injection]. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in pain scores or duration of active first or second stage of labor. Fifteen women had spontaneous vaginal deliveries, one caesarian section (infusion group) and four instrumental deliveries (intermittent injection group). Four women in the infusion group had hypotension and motor block, but none in the intermittent injection group. APGAR scores in both groups were 7-8/10 at 1 minute and 9-10/10 at 5 minutes. CONCLUSION: Both continuous infusion and intermittent injection of low dose bupivacaine are very good methods of relieving labor pain in our context. Analgesic efficacy was similar in both groups and there was no prolongation of second stage of labor.